The Japanese occupation of Nanjing from December 1937, often referred to as the ‘Rape of Nanjing’, is the most infamous example of Japanese brutality. Japanese troops in China were notorious for their brutal treatment of civilians and military prisoners. Japanese brutalities A Chinese baby who survived a Japanese air raid on Shanghai in 1937 In late 1937 the Nationalist government was forced to retreat from its capital, Nanjing, to Chongqing in western China. The first phase of the war was a blitzkrieg of Japanese victories as their forces moved swiftly along China’s east coast.Īlmost half a million Japanese troops moved against Shanghai, Nanjing and other locations in mainland China, while Japanese military planes bombarded regions where their foot soldiers could not penetrate. Six years later, following the disastrous Boxer Rebellion, Japan won the right to station troops in eastern Manchuria, giving them a military stronghold on the Chinese mainland. The Treaty of Shimonoseki, signed in April 1895, saw China surrender control of the Liaodong peninsula, west of Korea, and the island of Taiwan. This war ended with a Japanese victory in a little over eight months, despite Japanese forces being greatly outnumbered by the Qing armies. The First Sino-Japanese War erupted in August 1894 over control of the Korean peninsula. Its government was dominated by militarists and expansionists who hoped to make Japan an Asian imperial power. Japan’s military, once a barefoot army of samurai, was now a well trained Westernised armed force, equipped with modern weapons. The Japanese had tapped into Western knowledge to develop an industrialised economy. The Meiji Restoration of the late 19th century propelled Japan into the modern world. The political and economic development of Japan stood in stark contrast to that of China. Conversation with your tutor for an hour speaking and practicing the language is a great way to spend your hour and is bringing you one step closer to your language learning.Japan’s invasion of China in the early 1930s and the Sino-Japanese War that followed was the culmination of decades of antagonism between the two nations. Language tutors should be able to provide valuable contact time with the language. Put in your schedule or planner dedicated hours for language learning, set timers or reminders, and ask your support system to remind you. Most of us want more hours in our day anyway so to make sure you have time for language learning you’ll have to make time. Wishing you are fluent in a second language won’t make you fluent, it requires lots of hours. A better use of your time would be to watch the show WITH subtitles because you’ll be developing both listening and reading skills. That means that an hour watching the tv without subtitles really counts for about 45 minutes of language contact time. It’s important to note that it does depend on what you do with your time. This includes Netflix, YouTube videos, and books. Naturally, there are some activities that will help you to advance a bit quicker than others, you can still fit in other activities. You’ll need to get as many contact hours with the language as you can. How to move from one language level to the nextĪs mentioned in the previous section, you’ll need to put in a certain number of hours to move from one language level to the next. Remember also that these tests are academic tests and measure your academic level of the language, you can definitely be able to speak a language and not do great on a test. Some universities and jobs may require a specific test but if you’re just doing learning a second language to become bilingual for more personal reasons then you can skip the tests. You also don’t have to do language tests. It’s suggested that you keep doing the same test as you complete your language learning journey so that you’re able to make an accurate comparison. TOEIC – The Test of English for International Communication for Business Englishįor example, the DELE covers Spanish levels.TOEFL – Test of English as a Foreign Language for Academic English.JPLT – Japanese Language Proficiency Test.
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